Comparative in vitro study of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using photosensitizers in aPDT

Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660 nm, 100 mW, 1.8 J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480 nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p >< 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies>< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies

Conhecimento de alunos e professores sobre medidas ergonômicas / Students' and teachers' knowledge of ergonomic measurements

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o conhecimento e a utilização de conceitos ergonômicos aplicados à Odontologia por discentes e docentes nas clínicas-escola de uma faculdade de Odontologia. Métodos: Esse estudo investigou o universo de discentes matriculados em disciplinas clínicas (n=70) e respectivos docentes (n=23) do curso de Odontologia a respeito dos princípios ergonômicos utilizados na rotina clínica. Paralelamente foi pesquisada a incidência de sintomatologia dolorosa nos discentes por intermédio do questionário nórdico, The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), que é um instrumento de diagnóstico. A análise dos dados foi através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, realizada analítica e descritivamente. E a análise de associação entre as variáveis (Person). Resultados: Com relação à sintomatologia dolorosa, os maiores percentuais de acometimento foram nas regiões da parte superior das costas com 23,5%, 7 dias precedentes a entrevista e pescoço com 22,6%, 12 meses precedentes a entrevista. A maioria dos docentes entrevistados (65,2%) respondeu satisfatoriamente ao conceito de ergonomia de acordo com a Associação Internacional de Ergonomia. Com relação às medidas preventivas utilizadas na disciplina, 56,5% responderam que não utilizam medidas preventivas com relação às doenças ocupacionais. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o conceito de ergonomia entre os discentes participantes não foi completo e o mesmo conceito de ergonomia na percepção dos docentes, na maioria foi respondido de forma satisfatória.

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the knowledge and use of ergonomic concepts applied to Odontology for students and teachers in university clinics from a Dental School. Methods: This study investigates the realm of students registered in clinical disciplines (n=70) and the respective teachers (n=23) from the Dentistry course regarding ergonomic principles used in clinical routines. The incidence of painful symptomatology in the students was also researched by applying The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), which is a diagnostic tool. Data analyses were performed, both analytically and descriptively, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the analyses of association between the variables (Person). Results: Regarding painful symptomatology, the highest percentage of involvement were found in the regions of the upper back (23.5%), seven days before the interview, and in the neck (22.6%), two months before the interview. Most of the interviewed teachers (65.2%) responded satisfactorily to the concept to ergonomics according to the International Association of Ergonomics. As regards the preventive measures used in this discipline, 56.5% answered that they do not use preventive measures regarding occupational diseases. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the concept of ergonomics among the participating students was incomplete, and the same concept of ergonomics, from in the teacher's point of view, were mostly answered satisfactorily.

Conhecimento dos profissionais da estratégia de saúde da família sobre diabetes e doença periodontal / The knowledge of family health program professionals on diabetes and periodontal disease

Este estudo tratou de uma abordagem de cunho quantitativo, que teve como objetivo avaliar parte do conhecimento dos profi s- sionais médicos, cirurgiões-dentistas e enfermeiros atuantes no programa de estratégia de saúde da família das cidades de Patos, Santa Luzia e São Mamede, no estado da Paraíba, sobre a relação bidirecional entre as duas doenças. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um formulário contendo questões relativas a dados sociodemográficos, diabetes e doença periodontal. Um total de 138 profissionais foi convidado a participar da pesquisa, sendo que 110 preencheram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Dos profissionais envolvidos neste estudo, 92,7% (n=101) informaram possuir conhecimento sobre doença periodontal; um total de 62,6% (n=67) da amostra afi rmou que o tratamento periodontal auxilia no controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos. Entre os participantes, 98,2% (n=108) afirmaram questionar fatores relacionados a diabetes durante a anamnese. A realização de um trabalho conjunto e multidisciplinar entre diferentes classes profissionais da saúde irá proporcionar uma melhor identificação e tratamento de pacientes com diabetes, predispostos ao desenvolvimento de doença periodontal.

This study consisted of a quantitative nature approach, which aimed to assess part of the knowledge of the medical professionals, dental surgeons and nurses who work in family health strategy program from the cities of Patos, Santa Luzia and São Mamede in the state of Paraiba, on the bidirectional relationship between the two diseases. For the data collection a questionnaire containing questions regarding socio- demographic data, diabetes and periodontal diease was applied to participants. A total of 138 professionals were invited to participate, with 110 filling in the informed consent form. From the professionals involved in this study, 92.7% (n=101) reported having knowledge about periodontal disease, a total of 62.6% (n=67) of the sample reported that periodontal treatment helps in glycemic control in diabetic patients. Among the participants, 98. 2% (n=108) reported questioning factors related to diabetes during anamnesis. The conducting of a collaborative and multidisciplinary work among different health professionals classes will provide better identification and treatment of diabetic patients predisposed to the development of periodontal disease.